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At the dawn of his life in 1642, Cardinal de Richelieu said that "the tears have a taste of salt in order to remind fallen sovereigns about the sea that they have neglected". As the backbone of globalisation, the littoralisation of activities and populations has led to a full-blown maritimisation (Jean-François Tallec) of economies, and companies need to adapt to the issues and challenges raised by this shift, particularly by undertaking active acquisitions.
This study attempts to describe the financial considerations associated with maritime areas, from the struggle for access to fishery resources and nodal points, to infrastructure with a close tie to the exercise of state sovereignty, and the challenges surrounding the maritime transport and maritime tourism markets.
A case study looks at the range of mechanisms used to finance investment in maritime transport as part of the energy transition, making it possible to deduce the cyclical nature of the sector and, through interviews, to study the ecosystem of start-ups in the industry, capable of delivering creative destruction, as well as the interactions and distribution of roles between the public authorities and private players.
Key words : finance, investments, startups, maritime areas, strategy, globalisation, public players, natural resources
